UNIT 5 RESOURCES Imperialism and Progressivism, 1890–1920 CHAPTER 14 Becoming a World Power, 1872–1912 CHAPTER 15 The Progressive Movement, 1890–1917 CHAPTER 16 World War I and Its Aftermath, 1917–1919 TAV©08UR5878424-7 4/12/07 9:08 PM Page 1. Early US History About Contact Student resources. US history Resources. US history Resources. 9/10/2018 0 Comments Canvas Unit 2 and Unit 4 Resources are all.

History Teaching Units Developed by the Organization of American Historians and the National Center for History in the Schools (NCHS) at the University of California, Los Angeles, each U.S. History Teaching unit focuses on a different topic in U.S. United States History Bring United States history to life in your classroom with Twinkl’s award-winning printable activities, worksheets, PowerPoint presentations, projects, crafts, task cards, and much more!

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World History Resources

Natural resource management, ways in which societies manage the supply of or access to the natural resources upon which they rely for their survival and development. Insofar as humans are fundamentally dependent on natural resources, ensuring the ongoing access to or a steady provision of natural resources has always been central to the organization of civilizations and, historically, has been organized through a range of schemes varying in degrees of formality and involvement from the central authorities.

A “natural” resource is one that is afforded by nature without human intervention; hence, the fertile lands or the minerals within them, rather than the crop that grows on them, are examples of a country’s natural resources. Although what is considered a “resource” (or, for that matter, “natural”) has varied over time and from one society to another, resources are, ultimately, riches provided by nature from which can be derived some form of benefit, whether material or immaterial. Under some definitions, only those natural resources that can renew themselves and whose exploitation relies on their regenerative capacities properly necessitate management. For example, oil is not usually considered a subject of natural resource management, whereas forests are. The use of nonrenewable resources is subject to regulation rather than management. The management of renewable natural resources seeks to balance the demands of exploitation with a respect for regenerative capacities.

Origins

The emergence of a rational systematic management of natural resources can be traced back to the phase of accelerated industrialization of the late 19th century. In a period of unprecedented industrial growth, the pressures brought to bear on the supply of raw materials and natural resources by an unrelenting demand intensified the need to rationalize their utilization, so as to eliminate increasingly costly waste and to allocate them more efficiently. That coincided with a broader tendency toward rationalization, a general social pattern identified by the sociologist Max Weber that emerged in modern industrial societies in response to the large-scale reorganization of production and whereby goal-oriented rationality was increasingly infused into the organization of social activities. Natural resource management was born at the conjunction of rationalization and its twin process, bureaucratization, which yielded the first bureaucracies to manage nature.

Of course, there were huge variations in both the rates and degrees to which the different states became involved with questions of natural resource management. The French state, for example, took a heavy hand in forestry management as early as the 17th century, when wood became a strategic resource at a time of accelerated mercantilist (export-oriented) growth that relied primarily on maritime transportation—namely, wooden ships. Such local variations aside, overall it took a certain kind of state, the modern bureaucratic state, to steer the exploitation of natural resources toward principles of scientific management. Boxhead 2 unblocked games. In the United States, natural resource management was made a federal matter for the first time under the presidency of Theodore Roosevelt. At that time, principles of scientific management, which combined notions of rational management with in-depth scientific knowledge of the resource itself, were promoted by key figures such as Gifford Pinchot, who took a leading role in the U.S. government’s management of forests in the 1890s and served as head of the Forest Service from its creation, in 1905, to 1910. In Europe a similar concern with rational resource exploitation transpired at about the same time. The International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (established 1902), for example, provided a forum in which northern European countries could share concerns about maritime research and resources. It was effectively one of the first international conferences on a natural resource management question, and there too science was entrenched as a basis for exploitation of the seas, laying the grounds for future arrangement for the management of collective resources.

Encountering Earth’s limits

The 20th century saw natural resource management increasingly projected at a supranational level, where it was also collectivized. A first major impulse toward the internationalization of natural resource management was brought by the post-World War IIcontext, with its pervasive spirit of cooperation on the one hand and its specific problems of food shortages on the other. Countries came together to address the issues of damaged capacities and insufficient production—in other words, insufficient use of available resources. That context yielded the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) in 1945, the International Whaling Commission in 1946, and, much later, the International Fund for Agricultural Development, established in 1977 to tackle problems of agricultural production in developing countries. The problem was seen to lie in the management of the resources rather than in the resources themselves. Therefore, the solution was to develop common solutions to management problems that were widely shared from one country to the next. The problem those organizations attempted to solve, in other words, was how to create international regimes that would disseminate better management solutions and thus enable each country to make better use of its resources.

In a second phase, attention shifted at a global level to Earth’s resources as a whole—the seas, the air, and biodiversity—because of the realization that those essential resources, hitherto taken for granted, were in fact limited. That realization came about through two successive crises. First was the new awareness that humankind had reached a global environmental crisis, which triggered a second wave of bureaucracies to manage nature at both the national and international levels. At the international level the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) was established in 1972, and at the national level environmental ministries (in Europe) or agencies (in the United States) flourished in developed countries in the early 1970s. Significantly, the issue that popularized the environmental crisis was an issue of failed global resource management: the overexploitation of whales, which threatened certain species with extinction. That initial awareness was rapidly compounded by a global energy crisis that began in 1973 (seeArab oil embargo). At that juncture natural resource management was recast as an issue of environmental governance, and it was connected to the new environmental discourses taking shape, such as sustainable development.

The issue of Earth’s limits is an unsettled question, not least because of the sheer diversity of natural resources and the difficulty in assessing them scientifically. However, the remaining controversy revolves not around the idea that Earth’s resources are limited but rather around its regenerative capacities, which in turn determines how those limits are to be considered. If they are relative, the question becomes one of regulating the access to a resource more stringently or of adapting the activity relying upon it so that it can use a more abundant primary resource. If the limits are absolute, then merely switching the activity from one dependency basis to another is simply insufficient, especially if such dependency continues to expand overall.

Resources in American History ranging from general sites to specific event information.

General History Resources

American Experience

Access to PBS series about American history. Many programs are available online.

American Historical Association

As the professional organization for historians, the AHA advocates for the profession and provides information, awards and grants, and resources for educators.

Archiving Early America

This site provides historical documents from 18th century America.

A Biography of America

This site was designed to be a self-contained college-level history course. Resources include access to videos covering 26 topics, and content mirroring that of most U.S. history text books.

Center for History and New Media

Links to general history resources as well as specific events.

Discover History

The National Park Service offers links to Features of People, Places & Stories and Features of Preservation, Guidance & Grants.

History & Social Studies

This site from the National Endowment for the Humanities provides lesson plans about American history.

History Collection

University of Pennsylvania Libraries' links to resources with text archives and image sites.

National History Day

Provides resources for educators.

National Museum of American History

Access to information about the museum's extensive holdings as well as online exhibits.

Naval History & Heritage Command

Offers information about the 'history, legacy and traditions of the United States Navy.'

U.S. Army Center of Military History

Features information about the Army throughout American history.

Make video converter for 1 free downloadupstart. Histories of Government Agencies

National Archives History

This page provides a brief history of NARA along with links to a timeline, a list of Archivists of the United States, a history of the National Archives Building in Washington, DC., and Online Resources on the History of the National Archives.

A Brief History: The U.S. Department of Labor

A look at the functions of the Department of Labor since its founding in 1913.

The FBI: History

Links to such topics as Famous Cases & Criminals, Ten Most Wanted Fugitives History, and Hall of Honor.

Jefferson's Legacy: A Brief History of the Library of Congress

Digitized version of the book by John Y. Cole.

NASA History Program

This office was organized shortly after NASA's creation to preserve the history of this agency's accomplishments.

Postal History

Tracks the history of the United States Postal Service from 1775 with links to Stamps and Postcards, Postal People, Photo Galleries, and more.

Supreme Court Historical Society

Founded in 1974, the Society is 'dedicated to the collection and preservation of the history of the Supreme Court of the United States.'

U.S. Census Bureau History

Provides many resources, including an agency history, programs, and an explanation of the '72-Year Rule.'

U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian

This site features Historical Documents, Department History, Key Milestones, and Guide to Countries.

United States Senate: Art & History

Access to such resources as Origins & Development, Exhibits, and Senate Stories.

Selected Specific Topics

The Declaration of Independence

Includes 'The Declaration of Independence: A History,' 'The Stylistic Artistry of the Declaration of Independence,' the Virginia Declaration of Rights, and links to other web sites.

From Revolution to Reconstruction and Beyond

A site of the Department of Alfa-Informatica at the University of Groningen dedicated to the pre-World War I history of America.

The Star-Spangled Banner

This site from the Smithsonian National Museum of American History is an online resource about the 'flag that inspired the National Anthem.'

Meeting of Frontiers

This site focuses on the experiences of the United States and Russia in exploring, developing, and settling their frontiers, and the meeting of those frontiers in Alaska and the Pacific Northwest. The project resulted from a collaboration between the Library of Congress, the Russian State Library, and the National Library of Russia.

First Person Narratives of the American South, 1860-1920

This site features a compilation of printed texts from the libraries at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The documents include diaries, autobiographies, memoirs, travel accounts, and ex-slave narratives.

Exploring the Life and History of the 'Buffalo Soldiers'

Published in The Record in March 1998, this article details a history of the United States Colored Troops.

The Valley of the Shadow: Living the Civil War in Pennsylvania and Virginia

This project interweaves the histories of two communities on either side of the Mason-Dixon line during the era of the American Civil War.

Great Chicago Fire

An online exhibition produced by the Chicago Historical Society and Northwestern University Information Technology (NUIT) to recall one of the most famous events in American history.

Run for Your Lives! The Johnstown Flood of 1889

The National Park Service's web site provides lesson plans for teaching about 'the most devastating flood in the nation's history.'

Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers

Part of the Library of Congress' Manuscript Division, this site contains correspondence, scientific notebooks, journals, blueprints, sketches, and photographs.

The Titanic in Documents and Photographs

An article in the NARA publication The Record in March 1998 highlights the records of the Titanic in the National Archives.

Rescuing Records in the 'Cradle of American Labor'

Information about the Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives, which collects documents related to the history of labor and working people in New York.

Oral Histories of the Civil Rights Movement

Transcripts and audio of interviews with 'people that participated, in small and large ways.'

The Sixties

A PBS web site dedicated to the most controversial decade of the twentieth century.

The Wars for Viet Nam

This site was developed around the course materials for Robert Brigham's senior seminar on the Viet Nam War at Vassar College.

Apollo 11 Mission

The Lunar and Planetary Institute provides information about the first manned landing on the moon.

Photographs & Audio Recordings

• America from the Great Depression to World War II: Photographs from the FSA-OWI, 1935-1945
• American Variety Stage: Vaudeville & Popular Entertainment, 1870-1920
• Built in America: Historic American Building Survey/Historic American Engineering Record/Historic American Landscapes Survey
• The Evolution of the Conservation Movement: 1850-1920
• The New Deal Stage: Selections from the Federal Theater Project, 1935-1939
• American Leaders Speak: Recordings from World War I and the Election of 1920

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Digital Documents

Resources For Teaching Us History

African American Women Writers of the 19th Century

This digital collection of some 52 published works by 19th-century black women writers is part of the Digital Schomburg Collection at the New York Public Library.

Avalon Project

Yale Law School's Avalon Project includes digital documents from ancient times through the 21st century.

A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation

The Library of Congress 'brings together online the records and acts of Congress from the Continental Congress and Constitutional Convention through the 43rd Congress, including the first three volumes of the Congressional Record, 1873-75.'

Documenting the American South

This site is a collection of sources on Southern history, literature and culture from the colonial period through the first decades of the 20th century.

Historical Publications of the United States Commission on Civil Rights

The Thurgood Marshall Law Library provides access to the historical record of civil rights in the United States.

Making of America

A digital library of primary sources in American social history from the antebellum period through reconstruction.

Nuremberg Trials Project

Harvard Law School Library provides a digital document collection of the Nuremberg Trials.

Our Documents

Digital versions of 100 milestone documents of American history.

U.S. Historical Documents

Transcriptions of major documents relating to American history, from the Magna Carta to President Obama's 2012 State of the Union address.

Virginia Center for Digital History

Based at the University of Virginia, VCDH projects include many online digital history initiatives.